Review




Structured Review

Proteintech lef1
A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and <t>LEF1</t> mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.
Lef1, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 75 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+lef1/LEF1+Antibody/pmc13039260-65-34-36
Average 94 stars, based on 75 article reviews
lef1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
94/100 stars

Images

1) Product Images from "β-catenin mutation reprograms ketone body metabolism to drive hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and resistance to ketogenic therapy via transcriptional activation of OXCT1"

Article Title: β-catenin mutation reprograms ketone body metabolism to drive hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and resistance to ketogenic therapy via transcriptional activation of OXCT1

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08457-y

A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and LEF1 mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.
Figure Legend Snippet: A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and LEF1 mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.

Techniques Used: RNA Expression, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Transfection, shRNA, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Negative Control, Luciferase, Mutagenesis, Activity Assay, Binding Assay

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Membrane:

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Article Snippet: .. The membrane was then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies: anti-E-cadherin (1:1000, abcam, ab40772), anti-N-cadherin (1:1000, abcam, ab76011), anti-Vimentin (1:1000, abcam, ab20346), anti- β -actin (1:5000, Sigma Aldrich #A5441), and anti-LEF1 (1:5000, proteintech, 28540-1-AP). ..

Incubation:

Article Title: Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals LEF1 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Poor Outcomes in Oxaliplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer
Article Snippet: .. The membrane was then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies: anti-E-cadherin (1:1000, abcam, ab40772), anti-N-cadherin (1:1000, abcam, ab76011), anti-Vimentin (1:1000, abcam, ab20346), anti- β -actin (1:5000, Sigma Aldrich #A5441), and anti-LEF1 (1:5000, proteintech, 28540-1-AP). ..

Article Title: Exosomal miR ‐128‐3p reversed fibrinogen‐mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia
Article Snippet: As previously described, the protein lysates were separated by 4–12% Bis‐Tris sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE; Aspen, AS1012) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF; Millipore, IPVH00010) membranes. .. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked by incubation in 5% nonfat dry milk in TBST buffer (20 mmoL/L Tris–HCl, 150 mmoL/L NaCl, and 0.05% Tween 20 (pH 7.5)) for 1 h. The membranes were then incubated at 4°C for 12 h with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti‐Lef1 (1:1000; Proteintech, 14972‐1‐AP), rabbit anti‐P‐Smad1/5 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, #9516), rabbit anti‐ACVR1 (1:2000; Abcam, ab155981), mouse anti‐MBP (1:1000; Santa Cruz, sc‐271524), and anti‐GAPDH (1:10000; Abcam, ab181602; as a control). ..

Article Title: Wnt/β-Catenin Activation by iCRT3 Enhanced the Pluripotency of Bovine Expanded Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Article Snippet: .. After permeabilization and blocking with a solution containing 10% goat serum and 0.5% Triton X-100, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: anti-NANOG (bs0829R, BIOSS, China), anti-SOX2 (11064-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-OCT4 (SC-5279, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), anti-TCF1 (14464-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF3 (21242-1- AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF4 (13838-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-LEF1 (abs158608, Absin, Chian), anti-β-catenin (51067-2-AP, Proteintech). .. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with species-appropriate secondary antibodies, including Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A21206, Invitrogen), F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A11017, Invitrogen).

Article Title: Wnt/β-Catenin Activation by iCRT3 Enhanced the Pluripotency of Bovine Expanded Pluripotent Stem Cells
Article Snippet: .. After permeabilization and blocking with a solution containing 10% goat serum and 0.5% Triton X-100, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-NANOG (bs-0829R, BIOSS, China), anti-SOX2 (11064-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-OCT4 (SC-5279, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), anti-TCF1 (14464-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF3 (21242-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF4 (13838-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-LEF1 (abs158608, Absin, Chian), anti-β-catenin (51067-2-AP, Proteintech). .. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with species-appropriate secondary antibodies, including Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A21206, Invitrogen), F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A11017, Invitrogen).

Binding Assay:

Article Title: Exosomal miR ‐128‐3p reversed fibrinogen‐mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia
Article Snippet: As previously described, the protein lysates were separated by 4–12% Bis‐Tris sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE; Aspen, AS1012) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF; Millipore, IPVH00010) membranes. .. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked by incubation in 5% nonfat dry milk in TBST buffer (20 mmoL/L Tris–HCl, 150 mmoL/L NaCl, and 0.05% Tween 20 (pH 7.5)) for 1 h. The membranes were then incubated at 4°C for 12 h with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti‐Lef1 (1:1000; Proteintech, 14972‐1‐AP), rabbit anti‐P‐Smad1/5 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, #9516), rabbit anti‐ACVR1 (1:2000; Abcam, ab155981), mouse anti‐MBP (1:1000; Santa Cruz, sc‐271524), and anti‐GAPDH (1:10000; Abcam, ab181602; as a control). ..

Control:

Article Title: Exosomal miR ‐128‐3p reversed fibrinogen‐mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia
Article Snippet: As previously described, the protein lysates were separated by 4–12% Bis‐Tris sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE; Aspen, AS1012) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF; Millipore, IPVH00010) membranes. .. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked by incubation in 5% nonfat dry milk in TBST buffer (20 mmoL/L Tris–HCl, 150 mmoL/L NaCl, and 0.05% Tween 20 (pH 7.5)) for 1 h. The membranes were then incubated at 4°C for 12 h with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti‐Lef1 (1:1000; Proteintech, 14972‐1‐AP), rabbit anti‐P‐Smad1/5 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, #9516), rabbit anti‐ACVR1 (1:2000; Abcam, ab155981), mouse anti‐MBP (1:1000; Santa Cruz, sc‐271524), and anti‐GAPDH (1:10000; Abcam, ab181602; as a control). ..

Labeling:

Article Title: HMGB1 couples LEF1 to regulate B cell immunity
Article Snippet: After each time point, cells including those in the resting stage were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (18908; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and permeabilized with 0.05% saponin (S4521-10G; Sigma). .. Cells were labeled with the following specific antibodies: anti-HMGB1 (ab190377; Abcam); anti-pCD19 (ab203615; Abcam), anti-Phosphotyrosine (05-321; Merck), anti-pBTK (ab52192; Abcam), anti-pSHIP-1 (3941S; Cell Signaling Technology [CST]), anti-pWASP (A300-205A; Bethyl Laboratories), AF488-phalloidin ( R37110 ; Thermo Fisher Scientific), anti-DOCK8 (sc292124; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-pNF-κB-pP65 (3033S; CST), anti-pSTAT1 (9167S; CST), anti-pSTAT5 (4322S; CST), and anti-LEF1 (14972-1-AP; Proteintech). .. Images were captured using the Nikon TIRFm system (Nikon Eclipse Ti-PFS) with 405, 488, 546, and 647 nm lasers, and colocalization and MFI were determined with the NIS-Elements AR 3.2 software.

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: Wnt/β-Catenin Activation by iCRT3 Enhanced the Pluripotency of Bovine Expanded Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Article Snippet: .. After permeabilization and blocking with a solution containing 10% goat serum and 0.5% Triton X-100, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: anti-NANOG (bs0829R, BIOSS, China), anti-SOX2 (11064-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-OCT4 (SC-5279, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), anti-TCF1 (14464-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF3 (21242-1- AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF4 (13838-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-LEF1 (abs158608, Absin, Chian), anti-β-catenin (51067-2-AP, Proteintech). .. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with species-appropriate secondary antibodies, including Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A21206, Invitrogen), F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A11017, Invitrogen).

Article Title: Wnt/β-Catenin Activation by iCRT3 Enhanced the Pluripotency of Bovine Expanded Pluripotent Stem Cells
Article Snippet: .. After permeabilization and blocking with a solution containing 10% goat serum and 0.5% Triton X-100, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-NANOG (bs-0829R, BIOSS, China), anti-SOX2 (11064-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-OCT4 (SC-5279, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), anti-TCF1 (14464-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF3 (21242-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-TCF4 (13838-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-LEF1 (abs158608, Absin, Chian), anti-β-catenin (51067-2-AP, Proteintech). .. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with species-appropriate secondary antibodies, including Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A21206, Invitrogen), F(ab’)2-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa FluorTM 488 (A11017, Invitrogen).



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(A) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to beta-actin , n=9-11 retinas from 9-11 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (B) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to gapdh , n=5-7 retinas from 5-7 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. ( C ) Images <t>of</t> <t>anti-LEF1</t> stain of parental bEnd.3 cells and a stable population of bEnd.3 cells overexpressing LEF1, generated by lentiviral transduction and selection with puromycin. Scale bar 100 µm. ( D ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of bEnd.3 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test. ( E ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of stable bEnd.3-LEF1 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test.
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A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and <t>LEF1</t> mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.
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Image Search Results


(A) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to beta-actin , n=9-11 retinas from 9-11 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (B) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to gapdh , n=5-7 retinas from 5-7 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. ( C ) Images of anti-LEF1 stain of parental bEnd.3 cells and a stable population of bEnd.3 cells overexpressing LEF1, generated by lentiviral transduction and selection with puromycin. Scale bar 100 µm. ( D ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of bEnd.3 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test. ( E ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of stable bEnd.3-LEF1 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A FZD4/LRP5 agonist restores pericyte coverage and vascular integrity by increasing PDGFB signaling

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.13.711629

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to beta-actin , n=9-11 retinas from 9-11 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (B) Quantification of Pdgfb from total retina RNA was normalized to gapdh , n=5-7 retinas from 5-7 mice per group. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. ( C ) Images of anti-LEF1 stain of parental bEnd.3 cells and a stable population of bEnd.3 cells overexpressing LEF1, generated by lentiviral transduction and selection with puromycin. Scale bar 100 µm. ( D ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of bEnd.3 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test. ( E ) Quantification of Pdgfb from total RNA of stable bEnd.3-LEF1 cells after treatment with vehicle or F4L5.13. 2 technical replicates per biological replicate were averaged, n=3 biological replicates. Average +/− SE is shown. *P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test.

Article Snippet: LEF1 was stained in PFA-fixed cells using rabbit anti-LEF1 (Cell Signaling, #2230S 1:100) and goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor-555 (Invitrogen, #A21428).

Techniques: Staining, Generated, Transduction, Selection

A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and LEF1 mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: β-catenin mutation reprograms ketone body metabolism to drive hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and resistance to ketogenic therapy via transcriptional activation of OXCT1

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08457-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Correlation between OXCT1 and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) RNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA dataset. B Western blot analyzed the protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. C , D The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in HCCLM3-β-catenin S33Y (β-catenin) or control (CON) cells. E , F The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and OXCT1 were analyzed by Western blot or RT-qPCR in Huh7 cells transfected with shRNA of CTNNB1 (shCTNNB) or no-targeting control (shCON). G Correlation between OXCT1 and LEF1 mRNA expression in HCC samples from the TCGA database. H Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 and LEF1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 plasmid or empty vector (EV). ( I ) Western blot analyzed protein levels of OXCT1 in HCCLM3 cells transfected with LEF1 shRNA (shLEF1) or β-catenin S33Y vector. J Co-IP assay demonstrating the interaction between β-catenin and LEF1 in Huh7 cells. K ChIP assay was performed with LEF1 antibody. IgG was used as the negative control. Chip-PCR was conducted at the promoter regions of OXCT1 with Huh7 cells. L Dual-luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells. Cells were co-transfected with a wild-type (PGL3-OXCT1-WT) or mutant (PGL3-OXCT1-MT) OXCT1 promoter reporter, along with expression plasmids for β-catenin, LEF1, TCF4+β-catenin, or LEF1 shRNA, as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. M Schematic of the OXCT1 promoter region. The consensus LEF1-binding site (5′-ACTTTGAACT-3′) is indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used: β-actin (#20536-1-AP, Proteintech, China), OXCT1 (#12175-1-AP, Proteintech, China), β-catenin (#8480, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), PPARα (#66826-1-Ig, Proteintech, China), HMGCS2 (#ab137043, Abcam, USA), BDH1 (#15417-1-AP, Proteintech, China), LEF1 (#14972-1-AP, Proteintech, China), MMP2 (#10373-2-AP, Proteintech, China), Snai1 (13099-1-AP, Proteintech, China), Vimentin(#60330-1-Ig, Proteintech, China), E-cadherin (HY- P81271 , MCE, China), STAT3 (#9139, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), p-STAT3 (#9145, Cell Signaling Technology, USA).

Techniques: RNA Expression, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Transfection, shRNA, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Negative Control, Luciferase, Mutagenesis, Activity Assay, Binding Assay